Q. WHAT IS ON-LINE JOB PORTAL?
Introduction to Portal:-
Portals can link to information sources beyond the corporate firewalls, including internet news feeds, real time events (like stock quotes), calendars, jobs, news announcements & online discussion groups.
A portal is a destination site for users of a particular class. A portal is any site with a large number of visitors on which the primary focus was not to sell products. Many large portals are becoming full service e-commerce sites & many e-commerce sites are attempting to position themselves as portals.
Most individual see the portal as a non-commercial internet site, providing information or entertainment for them during their visit. The web users are smart & so they migrate to sites that can offer a more complex & relevant experience for them.
Meaning of Job Portal:-
Job portal is a major visiting centre for Internet users for seeking & finding out the jobs available for them.
Job portal is a single, web based interface to content data, aggregated & customized, based on the user’s profile, subscription & access. User can be internal & external.
E.g. Customers, Students, Partners, Employees, Suppliers, etc.
Features of Job Portal:-
1.Organize content by building a corporate topic hierarchy.
2.Create search capability by buying a high end search server & building a corporate on-line wide search site.
3.Create personal views for users by discerning user preferences & logging them into the directory.
4.Delivery dynamic content by buying software & building dynamic personal pages.
Case-study: - Monster.com
Monster launched in 1994 as the 454th website in the world. Monster was a true early entrant in the commercial world of the internet. The sites traffic more than 14 million unique visitors in June, 2002, puts it among the top 30 most visited sites & translates into a reach of 13.5% of all U.S. internal users.
By the first quarter of 2002, monster had 16.5 million resumes on file & more than 8,00,000 job listings. These provided a clear message of what monster could deliver good jobs, challenging careers & rapid advancement.
Monster is a good example of an on-line company that has succeeded by naming itself in both on-line & off-line environments. Monster offers employment services to job seekers & employers. For job seekers, monster aims to serve as a
“Lifelong Career Network”, offering not only job & resume postings but also chats, message boards & expert advice on career management.
For employers, monster provides value added solutions such as resume-skills, screening, resume routine, real time recruiting & resume updating, in addition to access to its database of more than 21 million job seekers.
Monster gets its early success because of its ability to go on-line through its advertising & in association with monster logo and a slogan “ALL THE HOTTEST JOBS AT ALL THE HOTTEST COMPANIES”.
The job posted on monster cover a wide range of industries and all levels of experience. Monster formed an alliance with MSN & a $ 100 million four year agreement with AOL to be the on-line service provider’s exclusive career information provider.
Monsters job portal or web site is performed there activities and actions in a number of areas including:
A. Customer focus
B. Specialization by entry level positions
C. Privacy screens
D. Privacy policies, etc.
S.S.RASAM
Custom Search
Sunday, September 28, 2008
KDMC - Report
ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
1.1 Introduction to KDMC
1.2 Current system used in KDMC
Single Entry System
1.3 Double Entry System
1.4 Which Accounting System is Easy to handle for Staff
1.5 Difference Between Single Entry & Double Entry System
1.6 KDNET Accounts
1.7 Up gradation of Accounting System with the Double Entry System
1.8 Awards
INTRODUCTION TO KDMC:-
[Corporation with 10, 47,297 Lacs Population (As per 2001 Census) and 67.65 Sq.Kms. areas.]
One of the aims of E-governance projects in India (also in Maharashatra) is to offer improved delivery of public services. Provision of improved services to citizens is considered as major criteria for measuring development of country. Use of ICT in public sector for automation of services to citizens has assigned priority in ICT policy at National level.
Municipalities ICT projects are undertaken by number of corporations with the objective of enhancing their capacity to deliver services and minimize public grievances with improved living conditions.
Shri. Mesh Chandra Sarong , IAS , Principal Secretary to Chief Minister of Maharashatra was approached by the researcher for guidance on selection of study projects . He short listed KDMC as most important project. In his opinion, KDMC has excellent and best among corporation’s computerization projects in India. Government of Maharashatra has decided to replicate this application at all corporations in Maharashatra for Citizens benefits. Hence, such a study was welcome by him. He requested Mr. R D Shinde, commissioner, KDMC for permitting the study to be undertaken and to share project information. Accordingly study was planned.
CURRENT SYSTEN USED IN KDMC
(SINGLE ENTRY SYSTEM):-
Most businesses maintain a record of all transactions based on the double-entry bookkeeping system. However, many small, simple businesses maintain only a single-entry system that records the "bare-essentials." In some cases only records of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and taxes paid may be maintained. Records of assets, inventory, expenses, revenues and other elements usually considered essential in an accounting system may not be kept, except in memorandum form.
Single-entry systems are usually inadequate except where operations are especially simple and the volume of activity is low.
This type of accounting system with additional information can typically be compiled into an income statement and balance sheet by a professional accountant.
ADVANTEGES:-
Single-entry systems are used in the interest of simplicity.
They are usually less expensive to maintain than double-entry systems because they do not require the services of a trained person.
DISADVANTAGES:-
Data may not be available to management for effectively planning and controlling the business.
Lack of systematic and precise bookkeeping may lead to inefficient administration and reduced control over the affairs of the business.
Single-entry records do not provide a check against clerical error, as does a double-entry system. This is one of the most serious defects of single-entry systems.
Single-entry records seldom make provision for recording all transactions. In addition, many internal transactions, such as adjusting entries are often not recorded.
Because no accounts are provided for many of the items appearing in both the Income Statement and Balance Sheet, omission of important data is possible.
In the absence of detailed records of all assets, tax administration of those assets may occur.
Theft and other losses are less likely to be detected.
DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES:-
Briefing the participants on elements of financial statements.
Outline the Balance sheet equation.
Explain to the participants the basics of double entry accounting systems.
IMPORTANT TERMS:-
1. Assets
2. Liabilities
3. Double entry accounting systems
4. Capital
5. Income
6. Expenses
DOUBLE ENTRY ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS:-
This is an important concept in accounting which states that every accounting transaction should always be recognized in two accounts, in one as a debit and another credit. It would have been very difficult to check the arithmetical accuracy of transactions recorded in financial statements if there was no double entry accounting system.
ELEMENTS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:-
Before looking at double entry accounting we should first consider those items which make up the financial statement.
ASSETS:-
According to IASB Conceptual framework, an asset is defined as resources controlled by the corporation as a result of past events and from which economic benefits are expected to flow to the corporation. In simple terms an asset is defined as something valuable owned by the corporation.
LIABILITIES:-
According to IASB liabilities are defined as “entity’s obligation to transfer economic benefits to another corporation or individual as a result of past transactions or events”. Thus liabilities are amounts which the entity owes other businesses or individuals.
CAPITAL:-
Represents amount which the owners have invested in the business. Capital will always equal to assets less the liabilities. Remember amount of the resources supplied by the owner are called capital while resources that are then in business are called assets.
INCOME:-
Income is a broad term but covers all transactions which will result in gross inflow of benefits to the enterprise. Income is subdivided into revenues and gains. Revenue is the gross inflow in economic benefits in ordinary activities of an enterprise like sales, dividends ,interest, royalties or rent while gains represents other items that meet the definition of income and may, or may not arise in the ordinary course of an enterprise.
EXPENSES:-
Expenses are gross outflow of economic benefits arising in ordinary course of business. Expenses are incurred in order generate revenue for the enterprise. Any expense to acquire a new asset or enhance the capacity of an existing asset is called capital expenditure and should be included as part of the value of such asset.
WHICH ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IS EASY TO HANDLE FOR STAFF:-
For any organization accounting system which they are using plays a very important role. Because, the accounting system is used by their staff and officials. Hence, the particular accounting system is recommended which is easy to handle for staff.
In case of KDMC, the accounting system used by them is the Single Entry System. From last many years they are continuously using the above system. Hence, the staff and officials are used to it. Hence, it is most important for KDMC is to continue with the above system.
Now, KDMC is switching after the new accounting system i.e. Double Entry System. It is also a most important type of accounting system because it gives the full disclosure of the corporations’ financial condition. But it is very difficult for the staff and officials to use to it. For that they have to make adjustment for their staff and officials that they passed the entries in single entry system and it is automatically passed into the double entry system.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SINGLE ENTRY AND DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM:-
SR. NO. SINGLE ENTRY SYSTEM DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM
1 It is used in the interest of the simplicity. It is very complicated in nature to understand.
2 It is less expensive because it is not required the services of trained persons. It is expensive because it requires the services of trained persons.
3 Information is not available for management for planning & controlling. Information is available for management for planning & controlling.
4 It is less systematic & precise for effective administration. It is systematic & precise for effective administration.
5 Its records do not provide a check against clerical error. Its records provide a check against clerical error.
6 Here omission of important data is possible. Here omission of important data is not possible.
7 In the absence of detailed records of all assets, tax admin. of those assets may occur. In the presence of detailed records of all assets, tax admin. of those assets may not occur.
8 Theft and other losses are less likely to be detected. Theft and other losses are likely to be prevented.
E-GOVERNANCE @ KDMC
Complaints & Redressal System.
Water Department.
Property Tax Department.
Birth & Death System.
City Engineer Department.
Food Department.
Market Department.
Town Planning Department.
Accounts Department.
Legal Department.
Health Scheme Monitoring System.
User & Workflow Management System.
Web Portal ( www.kdmc.gov.in )
ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
Chief Account Officer
[G.K.Naik]
Deputy Chief Account Officer
[S.N.Bhavsar]
Accountant
[Y.B.Bhendigire]
Cashier
[Arun Bhalerao]
Computer Operator/ Typist
[19]
Peon
KDNET ACCOUNTS:-
Demo Structure
Masters
Processes
Reports, Operational & MIS
Configurable Parameters Localization
MASTERS:-
1. Financial Year Definition :-
Contains financial year details like financial from and to dates, which is to be selected before executing any program option from Menu. Also, year closure flag helps in avoiding changes to be made for the closed financial year data. Provisional closing helps in keeping two financial years open for the transactions. Current logged in financial year helps in selection of date range in majority of Reports and validating various Transactions dates.
2. Account Head Definition :-
Classification of all account/ budget heads is defined here. Generated Head Account itself contains the basic classification like Budget (i.e. Revenue, Capital, and Suspense) Head Type (Income, Expenditure) major/sub head reference.
3. Budget Head Provision :
Contains the budget provisions for all the expenditure account heads. This information is used for controlling and monitoring purposes. It gives other information as additional/ revised budget provision or transfer of provisions from one budget head to another. In addition account head-wise current balance provision is maintained.
4. Projected Revenue :-
Contains the budgeted revenue defined by the corporation and targeted revenue defined by department, for the revenue account heads. This information is used for monitoring purposes. In addition, account head-wise current collected revenue is maintained.
5. Bank Master :-
Contains the details of banks and of its corresponding account information. In addition, opening and closing balance of each account is maintained for every financial year. This information is used in cash book and bank balances related reports.
6. Receipt Category Definition :-
All different types and categories of receipt are defined here like miscellaneous, water bills, property tax bills with its related department.
7. Collection Center Definition :-
Contains details of the collection centers for different locations of the corporation. The responsible cashier for the center and scheduler of various counters of center is also defined. This information is used in various types of receipts.
8. Counter Definition :-
Contains details of counters for collection center. This information is used in various types of receipts.
9. Counter Scheduling :-
Contains the schedules of the users for each counter. This information is used in receipts.
10. Deposit Head Definition:-
All types of income deposits heads like security deposits, etc. are defined with its corresponding expenditure heads. This information is used in receipts when the deposit is required and in payment voucher when the deposit is returned. Using this, deposit register is generated.
11. Account Head Grouping:-
Contains the grouping of Account Heads in 3 parts. Lets takes an example, define major group as Pay heads and different types of pay heads like ‘ Pay and Allowances’, ‘Daily Wages’, ‘Overtime Allowances’, etc. as sub groups. There may be various account heads of ‘Pay and Allowances’ for different department can be defined in detail groups. This information is used in MIS reports.
PROCESSES:-
1. Receipt Interface :-
Various departmental receipts can be integrated with this interface form depending on the department and the type of service using the ‘Detail’ button department specific report forms can be invoked. After posting the data in its department specific receipt the effected account heads are displayed here with the additional information of amounts.
2. Receipts :-
Different types/ categories of receipts can be centered here without any further references and directly posting different charges to its account heads. Automatically the customer’s bank masters generated if the entered bank code in collection modes does not exist in the master. Here, the receipt no. generated is year-wise and department-wise. In addition collection centre and counter-wise daily receipt no. is generated. Online posting is done in cash book as well as gets reflected in all collection in related reports.
3. Deposit slips for cash collections :-
Daily collected cash will be deposited to different bank accounts along with its denominations details, through this entry. Automatically bank balance will be updated by the system.
4. Deposit slips for cheques/ dd/ pay order collections :-
Daily collected cheques/ dd/ pay order will be deposited to different bank accounts with its cheque details through it’s this entry. Depending on the clearing zones, automatically the cheques get loaded and are allowed to be selected for deposits. Maximum 25 cheques will be loaded for every new deposit slip because of printing constraint, only when bank clears the cheques, automatically bank balances will be updated by the system.
5. Dishonor of Cheque :-
When the bank intimates for the cheque dishonour, user has to just mark the cheques, which are dishonoured and automatically an adjustment payment voucher is generated affecting the suspense expenditure head of dishonour. This heads gets written off when the remittance of the same is made.
6. Remittance of dishonoured cheque :-
Receipt has got a specific category as “Remittance of Cheque” category. By selecting this category it accepts the cheque details which had dishonoured and thus writes-off the suspense expenditure head of dishonour by posting it to suspense income head of dishonour. While remittance only cash mode of collection will be allowed.
7. Bill Entry :-
After passing of bills from various departments, finally it is recorded in accounts department for payments. Various different types of bill can be booked (works, supply, etc.) while entering account heads for booking liability it’s amount is checked against the balance provision and restricts if not available. In addition, different deductions to be made like security deposit, tds, etc. can be entered.
8. Payment Voucher :-
Different types of vouchers can be entered like works, supply and deposit, refund, transfer, miscellaneous, adjustment, etc. based on bills or without bills. It accepts account heads, amount, various deductions, and payment details for the net amount. In addition, automatically receipt is generated for the deductions.
It also contains details of account heads with its provision details and bill balances.
REPORTS, OPERATIONAL & MIS
OPERATIONAL REPORTS
SR NO. OPERATIONAL REPORTS PARTICULARS
1. List of account heads List of account heads in inverted tree structure.
2. Receipt Contains miscellaneous receipt with details such as payers detail, payment mode, payment details, paid amount, etc.
3. Bank Balances Report Displays the bank balances as on current date
4. Cheque Register Displays all the payment cheques
5. Bank account-wise cash book balance statement Displays all the payments
6. Cash Book :-
Receipts,
Payments
Displays the income and expenditure for the period specified
7. Daily collection report Word-wise, department-wise, date-wise daily collection report
8. Deposit slip printing :- cash, cheque Cash and cheque deposit slip printing
9. BRS Bank account-wise BRS
10. Classification Report Monthly classification register for expenditure and income heads having date-wise totals.
11. Collection and counter-wise summary report Collection center and counter-wise periodical collection summary report
12. Counter-wise and receipt category-wise summary Counter-wise receipt category-wise periodical collection summary report
13. Date-wise, counter-wise summary of receipts reports Periodical counter-wise collection summary report
14. Head-wise mode of payment report Account head-wise, mode of payment-wise periodical collection report
15. Mode of payment-wise receipt details report Mode of payment-wise periodical collection report
16. Daily cheque drawn statement Vendor-wise daily cheque drawn statement
17. Bank balance report Bank-wise, account-wise, opening and closing balance report
18. List of dishonoured cheques (TXT) List of dishonoured cheques which are not yet remitted.
MIS REPORTS
SR NO. MIS REPORTS PARTICULARS
1. Expenditure statement report Yearly account head-wise expenditure statement
2. Income statement report Yearly account head-wise income statement
3. Location-wise income statement Income statement for ward offices and head offices
4. Account group-wise summary report Account group-wise summary report which clubs various account heads defined under specific group
CONFIGURABLE PARAMETERS FOR LOCALIZATION
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
SR NO. PARAMETERS PARTICULARS
1. Account head budget To specify the budget of account head
2. Bank account types Type of bank account [current/ fixed, etc.]
3. Vendor type To store the vendor types [vendor/ contractor]
4. Voucher type
5. Clearing zone To store different clearing zones [local/ outside clearing]
6. Revised budget provision type To store different provision types [additional/ adjustment]
7. Denominations To store different denominations of notes for cash deposit slips
8. Dishonour suspense head for expenditure For automatically generating adjustment payment voucher for dishonoured cheque, the default expenditure suspense account head is defined here
9. Dishonour suspense head for income For remittance of dishonoured cheque the default income suspense account head is defined here
10. Accounts bill type Different types of bills like works, supply, etc. are defined here
UPGRADATION OF ACCOUNTING SYSTEM WITH THE DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM:-
The present day single entry accounting system of the municipal bodies must be changed as it suffers from various drawbacks and is an outdated, unscientific system of recording accounting transactions. Double entry accounting not only overcomes the shortcomings of the single entry accounting system, but also allows systematic accounting of all aspects of an entity.
Conversion of municipal accounting system from single entry to double entry should be undertaken immediately as an intermediate step even if the basis of accounting is not changed from cash to accrual. This is because if ULB has maintained its accounts perfectly on double entry accounting system then at the end of the year a qualified accounting professional (chartered accountant) can help ULB to pass various finalization entries to construct a perfect annual balance sheet acceptable to authorities. Of-course this not to advocate that ULB should not go for accrual based accounting; this is to impress the criticality of double entry accounting system.
E-GOVERNANCE AWARDS:-
2003 :- Recognition Award from Department of
Administration Reforms
[Government of India in the category
of Exemplary E-Governance Initiatives]
2004 :- SKOCH Challenger Award
2004 :- Finalist for CAPAM International
Innovation Award [At Singapore]
2005 :- Intelligent Enterprise Award by Indian
Express Group
2006:- Champion CIO Award by Cyber Media
India Online Ltd.
2007 :- Gold Icon Award by Department of
Administration Reforms [Government
of India]
CONCLUSION:-
KALYAN DOMBIVLI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION will have to adopt improved accounting and financial reporting systems if they wish to cope with changing world. Looking to their peculiar characteristics, existing accounting and financial reporting systems and their modernization requirement, a framework of modern municipal financial accounting and reporting system has been outlined in this part. As we know some municipal bodies have gone for accounting and financial accounting system reforms in past decade or so.
In next part an attempt is made to document and analyze these efforts in the light of the frameworks discussed in this part.
1.1 Introduction to KDMC
1.2 Current system used in KDMC
Single Entry System
1.3 Double Entry System
1.4 Which Accounting System is Easy to handle for Staff
1.5 Difference Between Single Entry & Double Entry System
1.6 KDNET Accounts
1.7 Up gradation of Accounting System with the Double Entry System
1.8 Awards
INTRODUCTION TO KDMC:-
[Corporation with 10, 47,297 Lacs Population (As per 2001 Census) and 67.65 Sq.Kms. areas.]
One of the aims of E-governance projects in India (also in Maharashatra) is to offer improved delivery of public services. Provision of improved services to citizens is considered as major criteria for measuring development of country. Use of ICT in public sector for automation of services to citizens has assigned priority in ICT policy at National level.
Municipalities ICT projects are undertaken by number of corporations with the objective of enhancing their capacity to deliver services and minimize public grievances with improved living conditions.
Shri. Mesh Chandra Sarong , IAS , Principal Secretary to Chief Minister of Maharashatra was approached by the researcher for guidance on selection of study projects . He short listed KDMC as most important project. In his opinion, KDMC has excellent and best among corporation’s computerization projects in India. Government of Maharashatra has decided to replicate this application at all corporations in Maharashatra for Citizens benefits. Hence, such a study was welcome by him. He requested Mr. R D Shinde, commissioner, KDMC for permitting the study to be undertaken and to share project information. Accordingly study was planned.
CURRENT SYSTEN USED IN KDMC
(SINGLE ENTRY SYSTEM):-
Most businesses maintain a record of all transactions based on the double-entry bookkeeping system. However, many small, simple businesses maintain only a single-entry system that records the "bare-essentials." In some cases only records of cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and taxes paid may be maintained. Records of assets, inventory, expenses, revenues and other elements usually considered essential in an accounting system may not be kept, except in memorandum form.
Single-entry systems are usually inadequate except where operations are especially simple and the volume of activity is low.
This type of accounting system with additional information can typically be compiled into an income statement and balance sheet by a professional accountant.
ADVANTEGES:-
Single-entry systems are used in the interest of simplicity.
They are usually less expensive to maintain than double-entry systems because they do not require the services of a trained person.
DISADVANTAGES:-
Data may not be available to management for effectively planning and controlling the business.
Lack of systematic and precise bookkeeping may lead to inefficient administration and reduced control over the affairs of the business.
Single-entry records do not provide a check against clerical error, as does a double-entry system. This is one of the most serious defects of single-entry systems.
Single-entry records seldom make provision for recording all transactions. In addition, many internal transactions, such as adjusting entries are often not recorded.
Because no accounts are provided for many of the items appearing in both the Income Statement and Balance Sheet, omission of important data is possible.
In the absence of detailed records of all assets, tax administration of those assets may occur.
Theft and other losses are less likely to be detected.
DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES:-
Briefing the participants on elements of financial statements.
Outline the Balance sheet equation.
Explain to the participants the basics of double entry accounting systems.
IMPORTANT TERMS:-
1. Assets
2. Liabilities
3. Double entry accounting systems
4. Capital
5. Income
6. Expenses
DOUBLE ENTRY ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS:-
This is an important concept in accounting which states that every accounting transaction should always be recognized in two accounts, in one as a debit and another credit. It would have been very difficult to check the arithmetical accuracy of transactions recorded in financial statements if there was no double entry accounting system.
ELEMENTS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:-
Before looking at double entry accounting we should first consider those items which make up the financial statement.
ASSETS:-
According to IASB Conceptual framework, an asset is defined as resources controlled by the corporation as a result of past events and from which economic benefits are expected to flow to the corporation. In simple terms an asset is defined as something valuable owned by the corporation.
LIABILITIES:-
According to IASB liabilities are defined as “entity’s obligation to transfer economic benefits to another corporation or individual as a result of past transactions or events”. Thus liabilities are amounts which the entity owes other businesses or individuals.
CAPITAL:-
Represents amount which the owners have invested in the business. Capital will always equal to assets less the liabilities. Remember amount of the resources supplied by the owner are called capital while resources that are then in business are called assets.
INCOME:-
Income is a broad term but covers all transactions which will result in gross inflow of benefits to the enterprise. Income is subdivided into revenues and gains. Revenue is the gross inflow in economic benefits in ordinary activities of an enterprise like sales, dividends ,interest, royalties or rent while gains represents other items that meet the definition of income and may, or may not arise in the ordinary course of an enterprise.
EXPENSES:-
Expenses are gross outflow of economic benefits arising in ordinary course of business. Expenses are incurred in order generate revenue for the enterprise. Any expense to acquire a new asset or enhance the capacity of an existing asset is called capital expenditure and should be included as part of the value of such asset.
WHICH ACCOUNTING SYSTEM IS EASY TO HANDLE FOR STAFF:-
For any organization accounting system which they are using plays a very important role. Because, the accounting system is used by their staff and officials. Hence, the particular accounting system is recommended which is easy to handle for staff.
In case of KDMC, the accounting system used by them is the Single Entry System. From last many years they are continuously using the above system. Hence, the staff and officials are used to it. Hence, it is most important for KDMC is to continue with the above system.
Now, KDMC is switching after the new accounting system i.e. Double Entry System. It is also a most important type of accounting system because it gives the full disclosure of the corporations’ financial condition. But it is very difficult for the staff and officials to use to it. For that they have to make adjustment for their staff and officials that they passed the entries in single entry system and it is automatically passed into the double entry system.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SINGLE ENTRY AND DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM:-
SR. NO. SINGLE ENTRY SYSTEM DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM
1 It is used in the interest of the simplicity. It is very complicated in nature to understand.
2 It is less expensive because it is not required the services of trained persons. It is expensive because it requires the services of trained persons.
3 Information is not available for management for planning & controlling. Information is available for management for planning & controlling.
4 It is less systematic & precise for effective administration. It is systematic & precise for effective administration.
5 Its records do not provide a check against clerical error. Its records provide a check against clerical error.
6 Here omission of important data is possible. Here omission of important data is not possible.
7 In the absence of detailed records of all assets, tax admin. of those assets may occur. In the presence of detailed records of all assets, tax admin. of those assets may not occur.
8 Theft and other losses are less likely to be detected. Theft and other losses are likely to be prevented.
E-GOVERNANCE @ KDMC
Complaints & Redressal System.
Water Department.
Property Tax Department.
Birth & Death System.
City Engineer Department.
Food Department.
Market Department.
Town Planning Department.
Accounts Department.
Legal Department.
Health Scheme Monitoring System.
User & Workflow Management System.
Web Portal ( www.kdmc.gov.in )
ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT
Chief Account Officer
[G.K.Naik]
Deputy Chief Account Officer
[S.N.Bhavsar]
Accountant
[Y.B.Bhendigire]
Cashier
[Arun Bhalerao]
Computer Operator/ Typist
[19]
Peon
KDNET ACCOUNTS:-
Demo Structure
Masters
Processes
Reports, Operational & MIS
Configurable Parameters Localization
MASTERS:-
1. Financial Year Definition :-
Contains financial year details like financial from and to dates, which is to be selected before executing any program option from Menu. Also, year closure flag helps in avoiding changes to be made for the closed financial year data. Provisional closing helps in keeping two financial years open for the transactions. Current logged in financial year helps in selection of date range in majority of Reports and validating various Transactions dates.
2. Account Head Definition :-
Classification of all account/ budget heads is defined here. Generated Head Account itself contains the basic classification like Budget (i.e. Revenue, Capital, and Suspense) Head Type (Income, Expenditure) major/sub head reference.
3. Budget Head Provision :
Contains the budget provisions for all the expenditure account heads. This information is used for controlling and monitoring purposes. It gives other information as additional/ revised budget provision or transfer of provisions from one budget head to another. In addition account head-wise current balance provision is maintained.
4. Projected Revenue :-
Contains the budgeted revenue defined by the corporation and targeted revenue defined by department, for the revenue account heads. This information is used for monitoring purposes. In addition, account head-wise current collected revenue is maintained.
5. Bank Master :-
Contains the details of banks and of its corresponding account information. In addition, opening and closing balance of each account is maintained for every financial year. This information is used in cash book and bank balances related reports.
6. Receipt Category Definition :-
All different types and categories of receipt are defined here like miscellaneous, water bills, property tax bills with its related department.
7. Collection Center Definition :-
Contains details of the collection centers for different locations of the corporation. The responsible cashier for the center and scheduler of various counters of center is also defined. This information is used in various types of receipts.
8. Counter Definition :-
Contains details of counters for collection center. This information is used in various types of receipts.
9. Counter Scheduling :-
Contains the schedules of the users for each counter. This information is used in receipts.
10. Deposit Head Definition:-
All types of income deposits heads like security deposits, etc. are defined with its corresponding expenditure heads. This information is used in receipts when the deposit is required and in payment voucher when the deposit is returned. Using this, deposit register is generated.
11. Account Head Grouping:-
Contains the grouping of Account Heads in 3 parts. Lets takes an example, define major group as Pay heads and different types of pay heads like ‘ Pay and Allowances’, ‘Daily Wages’, ‘Overtime Allowances’, etc. as sub groups. There may be various account heads of ‘Pay and Allowances’ for different department can be defined in detail groups. This information is used in MIS reports.
PROCESSES:-
1. Receipt Interface :-
Various departmental receipts can be integrated with this interface form depending on the department and the type of service using the ‘Detail’ button department specific report forms can be invoked. After posting the data in its department specific receipt the effected account heads are displayed here with the additional information of amounts.
2. Receipts :-
Different types/ categories of receipts can be centered here without any further references and directly posting different charges to its account heads. Automatically the customer’s bank masters generated if the entered bank code in collection modes does not exist in the master. Here, the receipt no. generated is year-wise and department-wise. In addition collection centre and counter-wise daily receipt no. is generated. Online posting is done in cash book as well as gets reflected in all collection in related reports.
3. Deposit slips for cash collections :-
Daily collected cash will be deposited to different bank accounts along with its denominations details, through this entry. Automatically bank balance will be updated by the system.
4. Deposit slips for cheques/ dd/ pay order collections :-
Daily collected cheques/ dd/ pay order will be deposited to different bank accounts with its cheque details through it’s this entry. Depending on the clearing zones, automatically the cheques get loaded and are allowed to be selected for deposits. Maximum 25 cheques will be loaded for every new deposit slip because of printing constraint, only when bank clears the cheques, automatically bank balances will be updated by the system.
5. Dishonor of Cheque :-
When the bank intimates for the cheque dishonour, user has to just mark the cheques, which are dishonoured and automatically an adjustment payment voucher is generated affecting the suspense expenditure head of dishonour. This heads gets written off when the remittance of the same is made.
6. Remittance of dishonoured cheque :-
Receipt has got a specific category as “Remittance of Cheque” category. By selecting this category it accepts the cheque details which had dishonoured and thus writes-off the suspense expenditure head of dishonour by posting it to suspense income head of dishonour. While remittance only cash mode of collection will be allowed.
7. Bill Entry :-
After passing of bills from various departments, finally it is recorded in accounts department for payments. Various different types of bill can be booked (works, supply, etc.) while entering account heads for booking liability it’s amount is checked against the balance provision and restricts if not available. In addition, different deductions to be made like security deposit, tds, etc. can be entered.
8. Payment Voucher :-
Different types of vouchers can be entered like works, supply and deposit, refund, transfer, miscellaneous, adjustment, etc. based on bills or without bills. It accepts account heads, amount, various deductions, and payment details for the net amount. In addition, automatically receipt is generated for the deductions.
It also contains details of account heads with its provision details and bill balances.
REPORTS, OPERATIONAL & MIS
OPERATIONAL REPORTS
SR NO. OPERATIONAL REPORTS PARTICULARS
1. List of account heads List of account heads in inverted tree structure.
2. Receipt Contains miscellaneous receipt with details such as payers detail, payment mode, payment details, paid amount, etc.
3. Bank Balances Report Displays the bank balances as on current date
4. Cheque Register Displays all the payment cheques
5. Bank account-wise cash book balance statement Displays all the payments
6. Cash Book :-
Receipts,
Payments
Displays the income and expenditure for the period specified
7. Daily collection report Word-wise, department-wise, date-wise daily collection report
8. Deposit slip printing :- cash, cheque Cash and cheque deposit slip printing
9. BRS Bank account-wise BRS
10. Classification Report Monthly classification register for expenditure and income heads having date-wise totals.
11. Collection and counter-wise summary report Collection center and counter-wise periodical collection summary report
12. Counter-wise and receipt category-wise summary Counter-wise receipt category-wise periodical collection summary report
13. Date-wise, counter-wise summary of receipts reports Periodical counter-wise collection summary report
14. Head-wise mode of payment report Account head-wise, mode of payment-wise periodical collection report
15. Mode of payment-wise receipt details report Mode of payment-wise periodical collection report
16. Daily cheque drawn statement Vendor-wise daily cheque drawn statement
17. Bank balance report Bank-wise, account-wise, opening and closing balance report
18. List of dishonoured cheques (TXT) List of dishonoured cheques which are not yet remitted.
MIS REPORTS
SR NO. MIS REPORTS PARTICULARS
1. Expenditure statement report Yearly account head-wise expenditure statement
2. Income statement report Yearly account head-wise income statement
3. Location-wise income statement Income statement for ward offices and head offices
4. Account group-wise summary report Account group-wise summary report which clubs various account heads defined under specific group
CONFIGURABLE PARAMETERS FOR LOCALIZATION
SYSTEM PARAMETERS
SR NO. PARAMETERS PARTICULARS
1. Account head budget To specify the budget of account head
2. Bank account types Type of bank account [current/ fixed, etc.]
3. Vendor type To store the vendor types [vendor/ contractor]
4. Voucher type
5. Clearing zone To store different clearing zones [local/ outside clearing]
6. Revised budget provision type To store different provision types [additional/ adjustment]
7. Denominations To store different denominations of notes for cash deposit slips
8. Dishonour suspense head for expenditure For automatically generating adjustment payment voucher for dishonoured cheque, the default expenditure suspense account head is defined here
9. Dishonour suspense head for income For remittance of dishonoured cheque the default income suspense account head is defined here
10. Accounts bill type Different types of bills like works, supply, etc. are defined here
UPGRADATION OF ACCOUNTING SYSTEM WITH THE DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM:-
The present day single entry accounting system of the municipal bodies must be changed as it suffers from various drawbacks and is an outdated, unscientific system of recording accounting transactions. Double entry accounting not only overcomes the shortcomings of the single entry accounting system, but also allows systematic accounting of all aspects of an entity.
Conversion of municipal accounting system from single entry to double entry should be undertaken immediately as an intermediate step even if the basis of accounting is not changed from cash to accrual. This is because if ULB has maintained its accounts perfectly on double entry accounting system then at the end of the year a qualified accounting professional (chartered accountant) can help ULB to pass various finalization entries to construct a perfect annual balance sheet acceptable to authorities. Of-course this not to advocate that ULB should not go for accrual based accounting; this is to impress the criticality of double entry accounting system.
E-GOVERNANCE AWARDS:-
2003 :- Recognition Award from Department of
Administration Reforms
[Government of India in the category
of Exemplary E-Governance Initiatives]
2004 :- SKOCH Challenger Award
2004 :- Finalist for CAPAM International
Innovation Award [At Singapore]
2005 :- Intelligent Enterprise Award by Indian
Express Group
2006:- Champion CIO Award by Cyber Media
India Online Ltd.
2007 :- Gold Icon Award by Department of
Administration Reforms [Government
of India]
CONCLUSION:-
KALYAN DOMBIVLI MUNICIPAL CORPORATION will have to adopt improved accounting and financial reporting systems if they wish to cope with changing world. Looking to their peculiar characteristics, existing accounting and financial reporting systems and their modernization requirement, a framework of modern municipal financial accounting and reporting system has been outlined in this part. As we know some municipal bodies have gone for accounting and financial accounting system reforms in past decade or so.
In next part an attempt is made to document and analyze these efforts in the light of the frameworks discussed in this part.
Saturday, July 26, 2008
Saturday, July 19, 2008
IT IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
INTRODUCTION:
In recent years information technology has played a major role in our daily life by replacing human labor with automation system through hardware and software as an evaluation tool. Furthermore, we can access the world's information just through our fingertips via Internet technology. Multimedia which requires high bandwidth several years ago can now be sent through Internet. Other technologies such as 3D and Virtual Reality are expected to be able to run on Internet in the future. As can be seen on the above mentioned examples, technology in data communication and hardware & software computer are mutually integrated and evolved rapidly in the past 5 years with continuous development expected.
The implementation of the IT is a complex task and needs a detailed and careful planning for successful implementation. It is necessary to prepare a plan of implementation covering the following features:
· Site preparation
· System development plan
· IT installation schedule
· Recruitment and training of IT personnel
· Investment plan
· Choice of IT and the MIS
1. SITE PREPARATION:
This is a major activity wherein you prepare the site for the physical installation of the hardware i.e. the main computer system, peripheral devices, electrical and communication cabling, office layout, etc.
2. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PLAN:
This is generally prepared while assessing the Hardware and Software needs. Such a plan gives the indication of the various locations of hardware in terms of quality and time needed.
3. IT INSTALLATION SCHEDULE:
The schedule gives the item wise details of the hardware arrivals and its installation, testing and acceptance. Software installation needs to be
synchronized. Key issue like data conversion, switching over from old to new system, rewriting programmes, etc. also needs to be considered for smooth transition.
4. RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING OF IT PERSONNEL:
Implementation of IT needs specific skills in manpower. A personnel need to be equipped with latest skills gets to enable efficient use of technology.
5. INVESTMENT PLAN:
When all the facets of the IT implementation are ready it is possible to work out the monetary implications of such an implementation. A carefully worked out investment plan should be submitted for approval. A presentation highlighting the cost-benefits will help in securing approval.
6. CHOICE OF THE IT AND THE MIS:
The choice of the IT is the backbone of the MIS. It is critical strategic decision affecting the business operations and prospects. The success of MIS lies in how the IT is implemented in the organization. If the human face of the organization is not properly aligned, the best of IT will fail in its implementation adversely affecting the MIS. The IT changes are very rapid and to protect investment, the selection criteria should include scalability, upgradeability, open system environment with compatible communication capabilities.
In recent years information technology has played a major role in our daily life by replacing human labor with automation system through hardware and software as an evaluation tool. Furthermore, we can access the world's information just through our fingertips via Internet technology. Multimedia which requires high bandwidth several years ago can now be sent through Internet. Other technologies such as 3D and Virtual Reality are expected to be able to run on Internet in the future. As can be seen on the above mentioned examples, technology in data communication and hardware & software computer are mutually integrated and evolved rapidly in the past 5 years with continuous development expected.
The implementation of the IT is a complex task and needs a detailed and careful planning for successful implementation. It is necessary to prepare a plan of implementation covering the following features:
· Site preparation
· System development plan
· IT installation schedule
· Recruitment and training of IT personnel
· Investment plan
· Choice of IT and the MIS
1. SITE PREPARATION:
This is a major activity wherein you prepare the site for the physical installation of the hardware i.e. the main computer system, peripheral devices, electrical and communication cabling, office layout, etc.
2. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PLAN:
This is generally prepared while assessing the Hardware and Software needs. Such a plan gives the indication of the various locations of hardware in terms of quality and time needed.
3. IT INSTALLATION SCHEDULE:
The schedule gives the item wise details of the hardware arrivals and its installation, testing and acceptance. Software installation needs to be
synchronized. Key issue like data conversion, switching over from old to new system, rewriting programmes, etc. also needs to be considered for smooth transition.
4. RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING OF IT PERSONNEL:
Implementation of IT needs specific skills in manpower. A personnel need to be equipped with latest skills gets to enable efficient use of technology.
5. INVESTMENT PLAN:
When all the facets of the IT implementation are ready it is possible to work out the monetary implications of such an implementation. A carefully worked out investment plan should be submitted for approval. A presentation highlighting the cost-benefits will help in securing approval.
6. CHOICE OF THE IT AND THE MIS:
The choice of the IT is the backbone of the MIS. It is critical strategic decision affecting the business operations and prospects. The success of MIS lies in how the IT is implemented in the organization. If the human face of the organization is not properly aligned, the best of IT will fail in its implementation adversely affecting the MIS. The IT changes are very rapid and to protect investment, the selection criteria should include scalability, upgradeability, open system environment with compatible communication capabilities.
Thursday, July 17, 2008
THE WORLD IS FLAT(best author)
“THE WORLD IS FLAT”
- THOMAS. L. FRIEDMAN
The speech about Thomas L. Friedman’s book, the brief history of 21st
Century ‘THE WORLD IS FLAT’. He has won the Pulitzer Prize 3 times for his work at the New York Times, where he serves as the foreign affairs columnist. He is the author of 3 best selling books from Beirut to Jerusalem (FSG, 1989) winner of the National Book Award for notification and still considered the definitive work on the Middle East, the Lexus and the Olive Tree understanding Globalization (FSG, 1999) and the Longitudes and the Altitudes exploring the world after Sept. 11(FSG, 2002). He lives in Bethesda, Maryland with his family.
When scholars write the history of the world twenty years from now and they come to the chapter “Y2K TO MARCH, 2004” what will they say was the most crucial development? The attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on 9/11 and the Iraq War or the convergence of technology and events that allowed India, China and so many other countries to become part of the global supply chain for services and manufacturing, creating an explosion of wealth in the middle classes of the world’s two biggest nations and giving them a huge new stake in the success of globalization? And with this “Flattening” of the globe, which requires us to run faster in order to stay in place, has the world gotten to small and too fast for human beings and their political systems to adjust in a stable manner?
CHAPTER 1
He demystifies this brave new world for readers, allowing them to make sense of the often bewildering global sense unfolding before their eyes. With his inimitable ability to translate complex foreign policy and economic issues, Friedman explains how the flattening of the world happened at the dawn of the 21st century, what it means to countries, companies, communities and individuals and how governments and societies can and must adapt. The world is flat is a timely and essential update of globalization, its success and discontents were powerfully illuminated.
When on his journey to Bangalore in Feb., 2004 he realized that the globalization had gone to a whole new level. If you put the Lexus and the olive tree and this book together, the broad historical argument you end up with is that there have been three great areas of globalization. The 1st lasted from 1492, when Columbus gets sail, opening trade between the old world and the new world until around 1800. This is the 1st era of globalization. It shrank the world from a size large to size medium.
The 2nd great era Globalization 2 lasted roughly from 1800 to 2000 interrupted by the Great Depression and World Wars I & II. This era shrank the world from size medium to a size small. The key agent of change is the dynamic force driving global integration was Multinational Companies. In the 1st half of this era, global integration was powered by falling transportation cost, and in the 2nd half by falling the telecommunication costs. It was during this era that we really saw the birth and maturation of a global economy, in the sense that there was enough movement of goods and information from continent to continent for there to be a global market, with global arbitrage in products and labor.
Around the year 2000 we entered a whole new era globalization 3. Globalization 3 is shrinking the world from a size small to a size tiny and flattening the playing field at the same time.
CHAPTER 2
THE TEN FORCES THAT FLATTENED THE WORLD
A. When the walls come down and the windows went up:
The Berlin wall had been breached in Nov. 9, 1989. The fall of Berlin wall help to flatten the alternatives free market, capitalism and unlock enormous pent-up energies for hundreds of millions of people in places like India, Brazil, china and Former Soviet Union. In Europe alone the fall of Berlin Wall opened the way for the formation of EU and its expansion from 15 to 25 countries. The doors for IBM PC’s and Windows Operating System were opened due to the rapid growth in communication sector. The diffusion of personal computer, fax machines, windows and dial-up modems connected to a global telephone network all come together in late 1980’s and early 1990’s to create the basic platform that started the global information revolution.
B. When Netscape went public:
Netscape’s first commercial browser, which could work on IBM PC, an APPLE Macintosh or a UNIX computer, was released in Dec. 1994 and within a year it completely dominated the market. As browsing and the internet in general grew, Netscape wanted to make sure that Microsoft, with its huge market dominance would not be able to shift these web protocols open to proprietary standard that only Microsoft’s servers would able to handle. Netscape helped to guarantee that these open protocols would not be proprietary by commercializing them for public.
C. Work flow software:
In the late 1990’s the software industry began to respond to what its consumers wanted. Technically what made it possible was the development of a new data description language, called XML and its related transport protocol. Called SOAP, IBM, Microsoft, etc. They enabled digitized data, words, music and photos to be exchanged between diverse software programs, so that they could be shaped, designed, manipulated, edited, credited, stored, published and transported.
D. Open Sourcing:
The intellectual commons form of open sourcing has its roots in the academic and scientific communities, where for long time self-organized collaborative communities of scientists have come together through private networks and later the internet to pool their brain power or share insights around a particular science or math’s problem. IT people tend to be very bright people and they want everybody to know just how brilliant they are. Open source is nothing more than pre- reviewed science, some times people contribute these things because they make science and they discover things and the reward is reputation.
E. Outsourcing:
In many ways the Indian IT (outsourcing) revolution began with GE coming over. Outsourcing from U.S.A. to India as a new form of collaboration exploded. By just stringing a fiber-optic line from a work-station in Banglore to companies Mainframe. India IT firms like Wipro, Infosys and Tata Consulting Services managing E-Commerce and Mainframe applications. Y2K lead to this mad rush for Indian Brainpower to get the programming work done. The Indian companies were good and cheap, but price wasn’t first on customers mind setting the work done was and India was the only place with the volume of workers to do it. India is one of the few places where you can find surplus English speaking engineers at any price because all of those in U.S.A. have been scooped up by E-Commerce companies. Therefore, there is an large volume of employment opportunities outside India.
F. Off shoring:
Off shoring which has been around for decades is different from outsourcing. Off shoring by contrast is when a company takes one of its factories that it is operating in Canton, Ohio and moves the whole factory off shore to Canton, China. There, it produces the very same product in the very same way, only with cheap labor, lower taxes, subsidized energy and lower health care costs. One that off shoring process began in a range of industries from textiles to consumer electronics to furniture to eye glass frames to auto parts. The only way other companies could complete was by off shoring to China as well (taking advantages of its low costs, high quality platforms) or by looking for alternative manufacturing centers in Eastern Europe.
G. Supply Chaining:
As consumer we love supply chains, because they deliver all sorts of goods from tennis shoes to laptop computers – at lower and lower prices. That is how Wal-mart became the world’s biggest retailer. Wal-mart became one of the world’s most controversial companies. No company has been more efficient at improving its supply chain (and thereby by flattening the world) than Wal-mart. Supply chaining is a method of collaborating horizontally among suppliers, retailers and customers to create value.
H. In sourcing:
The process that has come to be called ‘In sourcing’ a whole new form of collaboration and creating value horizontally made possible by the flat world and flattening it even more. In the previous section I discussed why supply chaining is so important in the flat world. But not every company, indeed very few companies can afford to develop and support a complete global supply chain of the scale and scope that Wal- mart has developed. That is what gave birth to In sourcing. In sourcing is distinct form supply chaining because it goes well beyond supply chain management. Because it is third party managed logistics, it requires much more intimate and extensive kind of collaboration among clients and its client’s clients.
I. Informing:
Informing is the individuals personal analog to open sourcing, out sourcing, in sourcing, supply chaining and off shoring. Informing is the ability to build and deploy your own personal supply chain, a supply chain of information, knowledge and entertainment. Informing is about self-collaboration. Informing is searching for knowledge. Informing though also involves searching for friends, allies and collaborators. It is empowering the formation of global communities across all international and cultural boundaries which are another critically important flattening function.
CHAPTER 3
THE TRIPLE CONVERGENCE
The net result of the convergence was the creation of global, web-enabled playing field that allows for multiple forms of collaboration. The sharing of knowledge and work in real time, without regard to geography, distance or in the near future, even language.
IT revolution leads to more productivity right away. The era of globalization of mainframe computing which was very critical command and control oriented with companies and their individual departments tending to be organized in vertical silos.
The internet now makes the whole world “like one market place”. This infrastructure is not only going to facilitate sourcing of work to be the best price, best quality, from the best place it is also going to enable a great amount of sharing of practices and knowledge and its going to be ‘I can learn from you and you can learn from me’ like never before.
The world has been flattened. As a result of the triple convergence, global collaborations and competition between individuals and individuals companies and individuals, companies and companies and companies and customers have been made cheaper, easier, more friction free and more productive for more people from more corners of the earth that at any time in the history of the world.
CHAPTER 4
THE GREAT SORTING OUT
In the wake of the triple convergence that we have just gone through we are going to witness, because when the world starts to move from a primarily vertical (command and control) value creation model to an increasingly horizontal (connect and collaborate) creation model, it doesn’t affect just how business gets done. If affect everything communities, companies and individuals such as consumers, employees, shareholders and citizens.
It is not only communities and companies that have multiple identities that will need sorting out in a flat world. Along with these individuals such as employees, citizens, tax payers and shareholders and consumers also faces tension in flat world. As you sort out and weigh your multiple identities, consumers, employees, citizens, tax payer, shareholder- you have to decide about this. Because this is going to be an important political issue in a flat world. Because why you take the middleman out of business, when you totally flatten your supply chain, you also take a certain element of humanity out of life.
CHAPTER 5
AMERICA AND FREE TRADE
Will free trade benefit America as a whole when the world becomes so flat and so many more people can collaborate and compete? It seems that so many jobs are going for outsourcing and off shoring. The English Economist David Ricardo, who developed the free trade theory of comparative advantage, which stipulates that if each nation specializes in the production of goods in which it has a comparative cost advantages and then trade with other nations for the goods in which the they specialize, there will be an overall gain in trade.
Last year Indian Infosys Company received “One Million Applications” from young Indians for 9000 technical jobs.
Americans employment rate would be much higher than 5%. The reason it is happening is that as lower-end service and manufacturing jobs move out of Europe.
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